Dr. Aditya Bagrodia

BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer has distinct criteria for diagnosis and management. Official FDA diagnosis requires the development or recurrence of a high-grade bladder tumor after a patient has received adequate BCG therapy. Treatment duration varies based on whether an induction or maintenance course is indicated.

The management of high-grade BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer begins with the establishment of cytology and, based on the patient profile, is followed by either TURBT or total cystectomy. Alternative treatments are available, but ongoing research continues to explore other options.

Transurethral resections of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a common procedure that is used to treat bladder cancer. Urologic Oncologist Dr. Sam Chang shares his approach to successful bladder cancer resection with TURBT, covering his technique before, during, and after the TURBT procedure.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare entity with a lack of prospective data to guide clinical decisions. Dr. Shariat, who led the charge on building multicenter data sets for the condition, joins Dr. Bagrodia to discuss surgical management.

Urologists commonly utilize radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer, but like most treatment modalities, it is not without its complications. Learn more about specific complications and the role of patient-specific and prostate-specific factors in determining candidacy for treatment. 

Internal radiation therapy and external radiation therapy are often used by Urologists in the treatment of prostate cancer. Understanding the differences between the two forms of radiation is pertinent for deciding the patient's treatment plan.

Many transgender individuals undergo gender affirming pelvic surgery, or bottom surgery. Since many travel for these surgeries, the original surgeon may not be available if complications arise. This article discusses common bottom surgery complications and their management.

Transgender and gender diverse patients often seek urological care when they are interested in gender affirming surgery. This article discusses terminology and gender affirming surgery options available to transgender patients.

Blue light cystoscopy is useful in managing bladder cancer, both for complete tumor resection in the OR and as routine surveillance office cystoscopy to monitor bladder cancer recurrence.

When deciding on prostate cancer surgery vs radiation, it is important to know all of the pros and cons. They can both be effective treatments for prostate cancer, but you should be informed of the risks based on your age. This article covers both prostate cancer treatments.

This article discusses the criteria to start prostate cancer active surveillance, various modalities to monitor disease progression, and indications to initiate other treatment.

A ureteroscopy should be performed if a stone fails trial of passage. This article breaks down the peri-operative and post-op care, as well as technique for this procedure.

Obstructive pyelonephritis can present as an emergency, and must be correctly identified and treated. This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, along with medical management of a trial of passage.

Tumor thrombus formation is common in locally advanced kidney cancer, and can lead to bland thrombus, pulmonary emboli, and even Budd-Chiari syndrome. The risk of pulmonary emboli creates unique challenges during kidney cancer surgery.

Kidney cancer surgery can be aggressive or conservative, depending on various factors. This article discusses when to perform a partial vs. radical nephrectomy, the indications for lymph node dissection, and the viability of a robotic approach.

PCNL is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that is used to remove large or complex kidney stones. Urologist Dr. Margaret Pearle explains when nephrostomy tube placement is appropriate and how they can stabilize post-operative bleeding.

PCNL surgery is a minimally invasive alternative to open kidney stone surgery to remove kidney stones. Urologist Dr. Margaret Pearle shares her PCNL procedure steps and techniques and discusses the complications of PCNL surgery.

The HoLEP procedure, or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, is a new BPH treatment that is widely used because of its minimal invasiveness and quicker recovery times. However, urologists should evaluate the HoLEP procedure pros and cons before they decide on the surgery.

The UroLift procedure is a minimally invasive, non-ablative BPH treatment that places permanent implants to pull the prostate lobes away from the urethra.

The bipolar TURP procedure involves the use of a bipolar current to resect excess prostate tissue, alleviating symptoms in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Learn about Bipolar TURP surgery, advantages of bipolar TURP, and potential complications.

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a universal assessment endorsed by the AUA. The IPSS questionnaire consists of 7 questions and evaluates BPH patients from a score of 0 to 35.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors are a class of medications commonly used to treat BPH. They are most effective in BPH patients with large prostates. Learn more about using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for BPH.

Testicular cancer markers are the first step in working up a testicular mass, but are not elevated in all testis cancers. MicroRNA biomarkers are elevated in roughly 90% of testis cancers.

The testes are responsible for sperm production, so many patients have concerns about testicular cancer and fertility preservation after radical orchiectomy. Learn about radical orchiectomy versus partial orchiectomy and the potential post-orchiectomy problems that could arise.