Emerging Techniques of Advanced Ultrasound in No Options CLTI Patients

Dr. Montero-Baker starts by outlining his journey from training in Costa Rica, Germany, and Arizona, to building a multidisciplinary limb salvage center at Methodist Houston. Despite his geographic relocations, he is still very involved in endovascular education in Latin America through HENDOLAT, an online community and annual conference.

Next, we delve into the uses for ultrasound during the workup stages for CLTI. Dr. Montero-Baker highlights the information that ultrasound can provide: locating the region and extent of disease, pursuing an open versus endovascular treatment approach, and the tools you will need. He points out that a lot of institutions currently only rely on pulse volume recording (PVR), ankle brachial index (ABI), and toe brachial index (TBI), and do not have access to a robust vascular lab for full ultrasounds. Dr. Montero-Baker discusses some hurdles preventing the widespread implementation of ultrasound, such as additional cost and variability in operators.

However, he believes that ultrasound can be a phenomenal tool if practices can invest the time to train vascular technologists and implement its use. We frame the ultrasound conversation around incentives for each party: the technologist can achieve higher job satisfaction and further subspecialize, the treating physician can have a better understanding of each patient’s disease and management, and the institution can minimize extended stays and readmissions. Additionally, ultrasound is very useful when institutions are facing the global contrast shortage or treating patients with renal disease.

Finally, we look at the pathophysiology of diabetic and chronic renal failure patients who have extreme below the knee and below the ankle disease. These patients with medial artery calcification patterns have very few treatment options and high limb loss rates. Dr. Montero-Baker describes a new method of pedal venous access for deep vein arterialization.